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California Civil Procedure Section 473(b) empowers the trial court, upon "any terms as may be just", to relieve a party from a "judgment, dismissal, order, or other proceeding taken against him/her through his/her mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect."
 
¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û¿¡¼ ÆÇ°áÀÌ ³¡³ ÀÌÈÄ 6°³¿ù ¾È¿¡ ÆÇ°á¹®À» µÚÁý¾î ´Þ¶ó´Â ¿äûÀ» ³ÖÀ¸½Ç ¼ö Àִµ¥¿ä. ÀÌ·± motionÀ» fileÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ù°Å´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.
1. Discretionary relief (ÆÇ»çÀÇ Àç·®¿¡ µû¶ó ¿äûÀ» µé¾îÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖ°í ¾È µé¾îÁÙ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì):
1) Mistake of fact or law (»ç½Ç, ȤÀº ¹ý¿¡ °üÇÑ ¿ÀÇØ ³»Áö´Â ½Ç¼ö)
2) Surprise, inadvertence or excusable neglect (±â½À- ¿¹±âÄ¡ ¸øÇß´ø ÀÏ, ºÎÁÖÀÇ, ¶Ç´Â º¯¸í°Å¸®°¡ Àִ Ÿ¸)
3) Attorney error tested under "reasonable person" standard (º¯È£»çÀÇ ½Ç¼ö - ÀÛÀº ½Ç¼ö)
 
2. Mandatory relief (¹«Á¶°Ç µé¾îÁà¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì):
Attorney "affidavit of fault" - default/dismissal ÆÇ°á¹®À» µÚÁý¾î ´Þ¶ó°í ¿äûÇÏ´Â ÃøÀÇ º¯È£»ç°¡ "sworn affidavit"À¸·Î º»ÀÎÀÇ ½Ç¼ö ³»Áö´Â ºÎÁÖÀÇ·Î ÀÌ·± °á°ú°¡ ÃÊ·¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì
´Ü, º¯È£»ç¸¦ °í¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í pro per·Î º»ÀÎÀÇ ÀÌÈ¥À» ÁøÇàÇßÀ» °æ¿ì, º¯È£»ç¸¦ °í¿ëÇÑ litigant¿Í ¶È°°Àº ±âÁØÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ°í, º»ÀÎÀÌ º¯È£»ç°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¾î¼ ¹Ì¼÷ÇÑ ÇൿÀ» Çß´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ ¸éÁ˺θ¦ ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÕ´Ï´Ù (excusable neglect¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇÁö ¸øÇÔ).
ÀÌ motion¿¡´Â ÇÑ°¡Áö ¿¹¿Ü°¡ Àִµ¥, "inequitable" family law judgment, Áï ºÒ°øÆòÇÑ °¡Á¤¹ý ÆÇ°á¹®Àº 473(b)°¡ Àû¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù (´Ù¸¥ ±Ù°Å°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ¸»¾¸).
À§¿¡ ¾ð±ÞµÈ 3°³ÀÇ discretionary grounds¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇØ 473 (b) motionÀ» fileÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì, ÆÇ°á¹®ÀÌ ³ª¿À°íºÎÅÍ 6°³¿ù ¾È¿¡ fileÇÏ¼Å¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù (within a reasonable time, in no case exceeding six months, after the judgment, dismissal, order, or proceeding was taken).
==> ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿©ÀÚ ¿¬¿¹ÀÎÀº statute of limitationÀ» ³Ñ°Ü¹ö·ÈÀ¸¹Ç·Î À§ÀÇ Á¶Ç׿¡´Â ÇØ´ç»çÇ×ÀÌ ¾ø°Ú½À´Ï´ç.
 
CCP Section 473(b) ±âÇÑÀ» (6°³¿ù) ³Ñ±ä °æ¿ì, ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
1. Actual Fraud with one-year limitations: ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀÎ »ç±â - »ó´ë¹æÀÌ »ç±â¸¦ ħÀ¸·Î½á ºÒ°øÁ¤ÇÑ ÆÇ°áÀÌ ÃÊ·¡µÈ °æ¿ì (º»ÀÎÀÇ ¹«Áö/¹«°ü½ÉÀÌ ¿øÀÎÀÏ °æ¿ì´Â Á¦¿Ü) »ç±â¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³Â°Å³ª ¾Ë¾Æ³Â¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ Àϳ⠾ȿ¡ ¹ý¿ø¿¡ °¡¾ß ÇÔ (ÀϳâÀ» ³Ñ±â¸é ´Ù½Ã´Â "»ç±â"¸¦ ±Ù°Å·Î ÆÇ°áÀ» µÚÁý¾î ´Þ¶ó´Â motionÀ» Á¦±âÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ½)
2. Perjury with one year limitations: À§Áõ - »ó´ë¹æÀÇ À§ÁõÀÌ Áö³ ÆÇ°á¿¡ ½ÇÁúÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÃÆÀ» °æ¿ì, 1³â ¾È¿¡ (À§Áõ »ç½ÇÀ» ¾Ë°ÔµÇ¾ú°Å³ª ¾Ë¾Æ³Â¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ Àϳ⠾È) ÆÇ°áÀ» µÚÁýµµ·Ï ¿äûÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½ - À§ÁõÀº ÀÌÈ¥½Ã ¼·Î ±³È¯ÇÏ´Â "declaration of disclosure"µµ Æ÷ÇÔÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Àç»êÀ» °íÀÇ·Î ¼û±ä declaration of disclosureÀº À§ÁõÀ¸·Î ÆÇ°áÀ» µÚÁý¾î ¾þÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ù°Å¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇØ ÁÜ.
3. Duress with two-year limitations: °¿ä/°Á¦ - »ó´ë¹æÀÇ °¾Ð, °¿ä¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Àç»êºÐÇÒµîÀÇ »çÇ׿¡ ÇÕÀǸ¦ ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì, ÆÇ°á ³¯Â¥·ÎºÎÅÍ 2³â ¾È¿¡ ÀÌÀǸ¦ Á¦±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½ (±ÝÀüÀû ¾Ð¹Ú, ¾çÀ°±Ç¿¡ °üÇÑ Çù¹Ú µîÀ» ½á¼ ÇÕÀǸ¦ Áã¾îÂ¥³½ °æ¿ì, ÀÌ·± »ç½ÇÀ» ÀÔÁõ¸¸ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, »ó´ë¹æÀÇ breach of fiduciary duty¸¦ ±Ù°Å·Î ÆÇ»çÀÇ Àç·®¿¡ µû¶ó 50:50ÀÇ Àç»êºÐÇÒÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ, 10:90, 20:80ÀÇ Àç»êºÐÇÒµµ ¾ò¾î³¾ ¼ö ÀÖÀ½).
4. Mental incapacity with two-year limitations: Á¤½ÅÀû ¹«·Â(?) - Á¤½ÅÀûÀÎ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤À¸·Î º»ÀÎÀÇ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÇ º»Áú°ú ±× °áÁ¤¿¡ µû¸£´Â ±Í°áÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ »óÅ·ΠÀÌÈ¥ ÇÕÀǸ¦ ÇÑ °æ¿ì, ÆÇ°á ³¯Â¥·ÎºÎÅÍ 2³â ¾È¿¡ ÀÌÀÇ Á¦±â °¡´É.
5. Mistake with one-year limitations: ¿ÀÇØ/Âø¿À (stipulated/uncontested judgments only) - ÇÕÀǸ¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÌ·ïÁø ÆÇ°á¹®ÀÇ °æ¿ì, ¿ÀÇØ/Âø¿À·Î ÀÎÇØ ºÒ°øÆòÇÑ °á°ú°¡ ÃÊ·¡µÆ´Ù¸é, ÆÇ°á ³¯Â¥ 1³â ¾È¿¡ ÀÌÀÇ Á¦±â °¡´É (ºÎµ¿»ê °¡°ÝÀ» ÅξøÀÌ ³·°Ô Àû¾î ³Ö¾î Àç»êºÐÇÒÀÌ µÈ °æ¿ì µî Æ÷ÇÔ).
==> À¯¸í ¿¬¿¹ÀÎÀÇ °æ¿ì, ÇÕÀÇÀÌÈ¥ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ default judgment¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ÀϹæÀÌÈ¥ À̾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÇØ´ç»çÇ×ÀÌ ¾ø°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
6. Noncompilance with statutory disclosure requirements with one-year limitations: ¹ýÀÌ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â preliminary & final declarations of disclosure (Àç»ê ¸í¼¼ ½Å°í¼) ¿¡ ÀÀÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ì, ÀÌ non-disclosureÀ» ÅëÇØ ºÒ°øÆòÇÑ °á°ú°¡ ÃÊ·¡µÆÀ» ½Ã, »ó´ë¹æÀÇ noncompliance¸¦ ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú°Å³ª ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇßÀ» ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼ 1³â ¾È¿¡ ÀÌÀÇ Á¦±â °¡´É.
 
ÀÚ, À¯¸í ¿©ÀÚ ¿¬¿¹ÀÎÀÇ "¹Ì±¹¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÌÈ¥Àº ¹«È¿"¶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀÌ ¼º¸³ÀÌ µÇ·Á¸é, µÎ ¹ø° exception Áß 1¹ø, 3¹ø, 4¹øÀÇ ±Ù°Å°¡ ¹ÞħÀÌ µÇ¾î¾ß°ÚÁÒ. Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖ¿¡¼´Â ÀÌÈ¥ÀÌ ¼º¸³µÇ±â Àü¿¡ ½Ö¹æÀÌ full financial disclosureÀ» Çϵµ·Ï ¹ýÀ¸·Î Á¤ÇØ ³ù´Âµ¥¿ä. ¼·Î ¾ó¸¶¸¦ ¹ö´ÂÁö, ºúÀÌ ¾ó¸¶ÀÌ°í Àç»êÀÌ ¾ó¸¶ÀÎÁö, ±× Áß¿¡¼ °øµ¿Àç»ê°ú ºúÀº ¾ó¸¶ÀÎÁö, ÀÌ·± Declaration of DisclosureÀ» ²À °ÅÃÄ¾ß ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÈ¥À» ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ´Ù¸¸, ±× ÀýÂ÷¸¦ »ì¦ °Ç³Ê¶Ùµµ·Ï Çã¶ôÇØ ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ Default judgment¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀϹæÀÌÈ¥À» ÇÒ °æ¿ìÀä. ¹®Á¦ÀÇ? À¯¸í ¿©ÀÚ ¿¬¿¹ÀÎÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ default judgment¸¦ ÅëÇØ, º¯È£»çµµ ¾øÀÌ, ³²ÆíÀÇ ÇÕÀǵµ ¾øÀÌ, ³²ÆíÀÇ Àç»ê ¹× ºúÀÇ °ø°³µµ ¿ä±¸ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀºÃ¤ ÀÌÈ¥À» Çß´Ù´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù.
 
¸¹Àº ºÐµéÀÌ ±× ¿©ÀÚ ¿¬¿¹ÀÎÀÌ ±× ¶§´Â ³²ÆíÀÌ ¾ó¸¶ ¹ö´Â ÁÙµµ ¸ô¶ú°í, ³ªÀ̵µ ¾î·ÈÀ¸´Ï, ÀÏ´Ü ÀÌÈ¥ºÎÅÍ ÇÏ°í ½Í¾î ºÎ¾çºñ¸ç Àç»êºÐÇÒÀÌ¸ç ´Ù Æ÷±âÇÏ°í ÀϹæÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÈ¥À» Çß´Ù°¡, ³ªÁß¿¡ ³ªÀÌ Á» µé°í ¼¼»óÀ» ¹è¿ì°í ³ª¼ Á¤½Å Â÷·Á¼ ÀÌÈ¥ÇÒ ¶§ ¸ø ì±ä Àڱ⠱Ǹ®¸¦ ã°Ú´Ù°í µé°í ÀÏ¾î³ °Å ¾Æ´Ï³Ä, À¯¸íÀÎÀÇ ¼û°ÜÁø ¾î¸° ¾Æ³»·Î 썪¾î ³»º¸³½ ûÃáÀº º¸»óÇØÁà¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Å ¾Æ´Ï³Ä µî ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ºÐºÐÇϽŵ¥¿ä (¹Ì¾¾¿¡¼´Â °¨Á¤ÀÌÀÔ ¹éÇÁ·Î ´ñ±ÛµéÀÌ.. ^^*).
 
¾ö¹ÐÈ÷ ¹ýÀûÀÎ ¸éÀ» µûÁöÀÚ¸é, À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿Ü Á¶Ç׿¡ ÇØ´çµÇÁö ¾Ê´ÂÇÑ, ½Î¿ö¼ ÆÇ»çÀÇ ÆÇ°á¹®À» ¾ò¾î³Â°Ç, ½Ö¹æÀÌ ÇÕÀÇÇÏ¿¡ ÇÕÀǼ¸¦ Á¦ÃâÇØ ÆÇ°á¹®ÀÇ ÀϺηΠÆ÷ÇÔ½ÃÄ×°Ç, (³»°¡ ÁÖÀåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ç¸®°¡ ¼ö¹é¸¸ºÒÀÌ µÇ°Ç¸»°Ç) ´Ù ÇÊ¿ä ¾øÀ¸´Ï ÀÌÈ¥¸¸ ÇÏ°Ô ÇØ´Þ¶ó°í Çؼ ÀϹæÀûÀ¸·Î Àç»ê±ÇÀº ´Ù Æ÷±âÇÑä ÀÌÈ¥ ÆÇ°á¹®À» ¹Þ¾Æ³Â°Ç, ÆÇ°á¹®Àº ÆÇ°á¹®ÀÌ°í, ³ªÁß¿¡ °õ°õÈ÷ »ý°¢Çغ¸´Ï ÀÌ°ÅÀÌ °øÆòÇÏÁö? ¾Ê´Ù°í ¾Æ¹«¸® ÁÖÀåÇغÁ¾ß ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ ¾ø´Ù ÀÌ°ÅÁÒ. Çѹø Çغ´´ë´Â ¿µ¿øÇÑ Çغ´´ë..¶ó´Â ¸ðÅä¿Í ºñ½º¹Ç¸®ÇÑ ¿ø¸®.. ±×·¡¼ Á¦°¡ ´Ã ¾Æ¹«°Å³ª ½ÎÀÎÇÏÁö ¸¶½Ã¶ó°í ¿º¯À» ÅäÇÏ´Â °Å.. ¤Ð.¤Ð |