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°­º¯ÀÇ °¡Á¤¹ý À̾߱â

¸Þ¸±·£µå °¡Á¤¹ý - 1ź annulment vs. divorce
68.--.45.170 11/23/2009 (05:51:12)

1. °áÈ¥ ¹«È¿: Annulment

 

ºê¸®Æ®´Ï ½ºÇǾîÁî°¡ ¶ó½ºº£°¡½º¿¡¼­ ¼ú °Å³ªÇÏ°Ô µå½Ã°í °áÈ¥½Ä ¿Ã¸®¼Ì´Ù°¡ ¹«È¿È­ ½ÃÄ×´ø ÀûÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÁÒ.

±× ÀÏ ÀÌÈÄ·Î ÀÌ °áÈ¥ ¹«È¿È­¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±Ã±ÝÇØÇÏ´Â ¹üÀεéÀÌ ºÎ½ ´Ã¾î³­ µí ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

"Annulment," Áï °áÈ¥ ¹«È¿´Â ¸Þ¸±·£µå¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¼º¸³ÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù:

 

8 Grounds for Annulment in Maryland:

 

A. Family law-based theories:

(1) Failure to have license or ceremony

¸Þ¸±·£µå¿¡¼­ °áÈ¥ÇϽŠºÐµéÀº ¾Æ½Ã°ÚÁö¸¸, À¯È¿ÇÑ °áÈ¥À» À§Çؼ± marriage license¿Í marriage ceremony°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇѵ¥¿ä. ÀÌ µÑ Áß Çϳª¶óµµ ¾ø¾úÀ» °æ¿ì, °áÈ¥Àº "voidable"ÇÏ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¹«È¿°¡ µÇ´Â °Ç ¾Æ´Ï°í, ¹«È¿È­ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±Ù°Å°¡ µÇ´Â °ÅÁö¿ä.

 

(2) Pre-existing marriage - bigamy

ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¾î¶² ºÐÀÌ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ÀÌÈ¥ÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸®µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ¿¡¼­ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ °áÈ¥À» ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ³Ä°í ¹°À¸¼Ì´Âµ¥¿ä. ÀÌ °æ¿ì°¡ bigamy°¡ µÇ´Â°ÅÁÒ. Çѱ¹¿¡¼­¸¸ È¥ÀÎ½Å°í°¡ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù°í Çؼ­ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ¹ÌÈ¥ÀÏ ¼ö´Â ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÀüÀÇ °áÈ¥ÀÌ ÀÌÈ¥À¸·Î ³¡³ªÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ¿¡¼­ ¶Ç °áÈ¥À» ÇÏ¸é ±× µÎ ¹ø° °áÈ¥Àº void, Áï ¹«È¿°¡ µË´Ï´Ù. ¹«È¿È­ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Ô ¾Æ´Ï°í¿ä.

 

(3) Consanguinity

Çѱ¹Ã³·³ Ä£ÀÎô°ú °áÈ¥À» ÇÏ´Â °Ç ¹«È¿ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. »çÃ̱îÁö´Â ±¦ÂúÁö¸¸ ÇüÁ¦³ª ºÎ¸ð, Á¶ºÎ¸ð, »ïÃÌ µî ³Ê¹« °¡±î¿î Ä£ÀÎô°ú´Â ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î °áÈ¥À» ÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, ÇÑ´ÙÇصµ ¹«È¿ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

 

B. Contract-based theories:

(4) Age

- 15¼¼ ¹Ì¸¸Àº ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î °áÈ¥À» ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø°í,

- 15¼¼´Â ºÎ¸ðÀÇ µ¿Àǵµ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í ÀÓ½ÅÀ» Çß¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í

- 16~17¼¼´Â ºÎ¸ð°¡ µ¿ÀǸ¦ Ç߰ųª ÀÓ½ÅÀ» Çß¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í

- 18¼¼ ÀÌ»óÀº ºÎ¸ðÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ ¾øÀÌ °áÈ¥ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

À§¿¡ µû¶ó ³ªÀÌ°¡ ¾È µÇ´Â °æ¿ì, ÀÌ °áÈ¥Àº ¹«È¿È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ground°¡ µË´Ï´Ù.

 

(5) Insanity

Á¦Á¤½Å ¾Æ´Ò ¶§ °áÈ¥ÇÑ °æ¿ì, ¹«È¿È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ°í,

 

(6) Intoxication

ºê¸®Æ®´Ïó·³ ¼ú °úÇÏ°Ô µå½Ã°í °áÈ¥ÇϽŠ°æ¿ì, ¹«È¿È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ°í,

 

(7) Duress

ÀÚÀÇ°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ŸÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÈ¥ÇÑ °æ¿ì, ¹«È¿È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ°í,

(ÀÚÀÇ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¾ö¸¶, ¾Æºü°¡ Ç϶ó°í Çؼ­ ÇÑ °Å ¸»±¸¿ä)

 

(8) Fraud

»ç±â¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÈ¥ÇÑ °æ¿ì, ¹«È¿È­½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

(10¾ïÂ¥¸® Áý »çÁشٰí Çߴµ¥, °áÈ¥ÇÏ°í º¸´Ï °³ÅÐÀ̾ú´Ù´Â µîÀÇ »ç±â ¸»±¸¿ä)

 

2. ÀÌÈ¥: Divorce

¸Þ¸±·£µå¿¡´Â µÎ °¡Áö Á¾·ùÀÇ ÀÌÈ¥ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

 

A. Àý´ëÀû ÀÌÈ¥: Absolute

ÀÌ°Ô º¸Åë ¸¹ÀÌµé ¾Æ½Ã´Â ÀÌÈ¥ÀÌÁö¿ä.

¿µ±¸Àû ÀÌÈ¥À¸·Î, Àç»ê ¹®Á¦¸¦ ³¡³»¹ö¸®°í ÀçÈ¥À» °¡´ÉÄÉ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¸Þ¸±·£µå¿¡´Â No fault divorce°¡ ¾ø´Âµ¥¿ä. À¯Ã¥»çÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÒ »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó 1³âÀÇ º°°Å±â°£ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÀÌÈ¥ ¼­·ù¸¦ Á¢¼ö½Ãų ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù (´çÃé... =.=). ´Ù¸¸, ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â (1) °£Åë°ú (8) °úµµÇÏ°Ô ÀÜÀÎÇÑ ÇàÀ§¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °æ¿ì, 1³âÀÇ º°°Å±â°£ ¾øÀÌ ÀÌÈ¥ ¼ö¼Ó ¹âÀ¸½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

 

(1) adultery

- ¿ä°Ç Àß ¾Æ½ÃÁö¿ä. °£ÅëÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ Áõ°Å »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó (¾ÆÀ̸¦ ³º¾Æ ¿Ô´Ù´øÁö ÇÏ´Â.. =.=) ºÎ¼öÀû (circumstantial) Áõ°Åµµ Á¦½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, °£ÅëÀÇ °æ¿ì, waiting period ¾øÀÌ ÀÌÈ¥ Á¢¼ö °¡´ÉÇϽʴϴÙ.

 

(2) desertion, if: (i) the desertion has continued for 12 months without interruption before the filing of the application for divorce (ii) the desertion is deliberate and final and (iii) there is no reasonable expectation of reconciliation

- ÀÌÈ¥À» Á¢¼ö½ÃÅ°±â Àü¿¡ 12°³¿ù ÀÌ»ó ¹è¿ìÀÚ°¡ ÀÌÈ¥À» ÀÛÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÁýÀ» ³ª°¡¼­ °¡Á¤À» À¯±âÇÑ °æ¿ì ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

 

(3) voluntary separation, if: (i) the parties voluntarily have lived separate and apart without cohabitation for 12 months without interruption before the filing of the application for divorce and (ii) there is no reasonable expectation of reconciliation

- À¯Ã¥»çÀ¯ ¾È µûÁö°í, ÀÌÈ¥À» ÇÕÀÇÇÒ °æ¿ì, 12°³¿ù ÀÌ»ó ÀÚ¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î º°°Å¸¦ ÇÑ ÈÄ (Áß°£¿¡ ´Ù½Ã ÇÕÄ¡°Å³ª ÇÏ¸é ¾È µÇ°í¿ä) ÀÌÈ¥ Á¢¼ö °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

(4) conviction of a felony or misdemeanor in any state or in any court of the United States if before the filing of the application for divorce the defendant has: (i) been sentenced to serve at least 3 years or an indeterminate sentence in a penal institution and (ii) served 12 months of the sentence

- ¹è¿ìÀÚ°¡ ¹üÁ˸¦ ÀúÁú·¯¼­ 3³â ÀÌ»ó °¨¿Á»ìÀ̸¦ ¶§·Á¸Â°í 12°³¿ù ÀÌ»ó ÇüÀ» »ìÀº °æ¿ì, »ó´ë¹æ ¹è¿ìÀÚ°¡ ÀÌÈ¥ Á¢¼öÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

 

(5) 2-year separation, when the parties have lived separate and apart without cohabitation for 2 years without interruption before the filing of the application for divorce

- ÇÕÀÇÀÌÈ¥ÀÌ ¾È µÇ½Ç °æ¿ì, ÀÌ 5¹ø¿¡ µé¾î°¡½Ã°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥¿ä. 3¹øÀº ½Ö¹æÀÌ ÇÕÀÇ°¡ µÉ °æ¿ì 1³â¸¸ µû·Î »ì¸é ÀÌÈ¥ Á¢¼ö¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ¹ÝÇØ, »ó´ë¹æÀÌ »µÆÃ±æ °æ¿ì =.= 2³â ÀÌ»ó º°°Å¸¦ ÇÏ¼Å¾ß Çϴµ¥¿ä. ÀÌÈ¥ ¼ö¼Ó ±â°£¿¡µµ ÇÑ Áý¿¡ »ì ¼ö Àִ Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿Í´Â Á¤¹Ý´ë·Î, º°°Å±â°£¿¡ ÇÏ·ç¶óµµ µ¿°Å¸¦ Çϸé ÀÌ 2³â ±â°£ÀÌ ±úÁ® ¹ö¸°´Ù³×¿ä. ´Ù¸¥ Áý¿¡¼­ ¼½½º ¾øÀÌ 2³âÀ» º°°ÅÇÏ¼Å¾ß ÀÌÈ¥À» Á¢¼ö½ÃÅ°½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ´Â°Å¶ø´Ï´Ù.

 

(6) insanity if: (i) the insane spouse has been confined in a mental institution, hospital, or other similar institution for at least 3 years before the filing of the application for divorce

- ÀÌ°Ç º°·Î ÇØ´ç»çÇ× ¾øÀ¸½Ç °Í °°°í.. ¤Ð.¤Ð

 

(7) cruelty of treatment toward the complaining party or a minor child of the complaining party, if there is no reasonable expectation of reconciliation or

- ¹è¿ìÀÚ³ª ¹Ì¼º³âÀÚ ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ °Ç°­°ú ¾ÈÀüÀ» À§ÇùÇÏ´Â ÇàÀ§¸¦ ÇÒ °æ¿ìÀÔ´Ï´Ù

 

(8) excessively vicious conduct toward the complaining party or a minor child of the complaining party, if there is no reasonable expectation of reconciliation. (Maryland Code - Family Law Chapter - Section: 7-103)

- 7¹øº¸´Ù Á» ´õ ½ÉÇÑ °æ¿ì¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϴµ¥¿ä. "conduct that endangers the life, person, or health"ÀÏ °æ¿ì¶ó³×¿ä. 8¹øÀÇ °æ¿ì, waiting period ¾øÀÌ °ð¹Ù·Î ÀÌÈ¥ Á¢¼ö°¡ °¡´É ÇϽôä´Ï´Ù.


B. ÇÑÁ¤µÈ ÀÌÈ¥: Limited

¹ý¿øÀÌ °íÅë¹Þ´Â ¹è¿ìÀÚ¿¡°Ô µû·Î »ì¸é¼­ ½áÆ÷Æ®¸¦ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇØÁÖ´Â Á¦µµ·Î½á (legalizes the separation) ¿µ±¸ÀûÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ÀçÈ¥Àº ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. 

 

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¾ÆÀ̱¸... ³Ñ ¿À·¡ °É¸®³×¿ä... =.=

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ÀÌÁ¦ °Ü¿ïÀ̳׿ä.

ÀúÈñ¾Ö°¡ °É·È´ø °Ô °á±¹ H1N1 À̾ú´Ù°í Çϳ׿ä.

¸ðµÎµé µ¶°¨ Á¶½ÉÇϽðí, °ð ¶Ç ºË°Ú½À´Ï´Ù!

 

 

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