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ºÎ¸ð°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ Á¦ 3ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾çÀ°±ÇÀÌ ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â °æ¿ì
198.--.60.12 7/28/2009 (07:03:57)

ºÎ¸ð°¡ ¾çÀ°ÀÇ ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì (°æÁ¦ÀûÀÎ ´É·Â ¾Æ´Ï°í¿ä), Á¦ 3ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾çÀ°±ÇÀ» ÁÖ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ Àִµ¥¿ä. ÀÌ·² ¶§ µÎ °¡Áö ½ºÅĴٵ尡 ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

 

1. ºÎ¸ð°¡ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ µ¥¸®°í ÀÖ´Â »óÅ¿¡¼­/ºÎ¸ð°¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â »óȲ¿¡¼­, Á¦ 3ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾çÀ°±ÇÀ» ³Ñ°ÜÁÙ °æ¿ì:

Ķ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ °¡Á¤¹ý Á¶Ç× 3041 (a)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, "clear and convincing evidence that custody to a parent would be detrimental to the child & the custody to the nonparent is in the best interest of the child" ¶ó´Â °É Áõ¸íÇϸé, ºÎ¸ðÀÇ ¹Ý´ë¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í ¹ý¿øÀÌ Á¦ 3ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾çÀ°±ÇÀ» ³Ñ°ÜÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.  ù°·Î Ä£ºÎ¸ð°¡ ¾çÀ°±ÇÀ» °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô Çظ¦ ³¢Ä¥ ²¨¶ó´Â °Í°ú Á¦3ÀÚ°¡ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ Å°¿ì´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô ÀÌ·Ó´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» clear & convincing evidence¸¦ ÅëÇØ Áõ¸íÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù. º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Î»ç¼Ò¼Û¿¡¼­´Â "preponderance of the evidence"°¡ ½ºÅÄ´Ùµå Àä. ±×°Íº¸´Ù ´õ ³ôÀº burden of proofÀÇ ½ºÅĴٵ带 ¸ÂÃç¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Å±¸¿ä. Clear and convincing evidenceÀÇ Á¤ÀǸ¦ wikipedia¿¡¼­ ÆÛ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù:

 

Clear and Convincing evidence:

Clear and convincing evidence is the higher level of burden of persuasion sometimes employed in the U.S. civil procedure.  To prove something by "clear and convincing evidence", the party with the burden of proof must convince the trier of fact that it is substantially more likely than not that the thing is in fact true.  This is a lesser requirement than "proof beyond a reasonable doubt", which requires that the trier of fact be close to certain of the truth of the matter asserted, but a stricter requirement than proof by "preponderance of the evidence," which merely requires that the matter asserted seem more likely true than not.  

 

2. ºÎ¸ð ¾Æ´Ñ Á¦ 3ÀÚ°¡ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ Å°¿ì°í ÀÖ´ø »óȲ¿¡¼­ ¾çÀ°±ÇÀ» 3ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹ýÀûÀ¸·Î ³Ñ°ÜÁÖ´Â °æ¿ì:

À§ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í ´Þ¸®, Á¦ 3ÀÚ°¡ ¾çÀ°ÀÇ Àǹ«¸¦ ÀÌ¹Ì ¿À·£±â°£ µ¿¾È Á®¿Ô´ø °æ¿ì, Áï "assumed the parental role for a substantial period of time by providing a stable home where the child's physical and emotional needs are met"ÇßÀ» °æ¿ì, preponderance of the evidence¸¦ ÅëÇØ À§ÀÇ »ç½ÇÀ» Áõ¸íÇϸé, Á¦ 3ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾çÀ°±ÇÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô À̷οì¸ç ºÎ¸ð¿¡°Ô ¾çÀ°±ÇÀ» ³Ñ±â´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô´Â ÇØ°¡ µÈ´Ù´Â showingÀÌ ¼º¸³ µÈ´Ù°í Á¤ÀÇ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

 

Preponderance of the evidence:

Preponderance of the evidence, also known as balance of probabilities is the standard required in most civil cases. The standard is met if the proposition is more likely to be true than not true. Effectively, the standard is satisfied if there is greater than 50 percent chance that the proposition is true. Lord Denning, in Miller v. Minister of Pensions,[2] described it simply as "more probable than not."

 

ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ Ç׼ҽɿ¡ ¿Ã¶ó¿Ô´ø ÄÉÀ̽º¸¦ ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î µå¸®¸é:

 

¾ÆÀÌ°¡ žÁö ¾ó¸¶ ¾È µÅ¼­ ¾ö¸¶´Â Á¤½ÅÁúȯÀ¸·Î º´¿ø¿¡ µé¾î°©´Ï´Ù. 50»ì ¸ÔÀº ¾Æºü´Â Àß ³ª°¡´Â º¯È£»ç·Î ºÎµ¿»ê ÅõÀÚÈ°µ¿µµ È°¹ßÈ÷ ÇÏ´À¶ó°í Áý¿¡ ºÙ¾îÀÖÀ» ³¯ÀÌ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æºü´Â º»ÀÎÀÌ ¾î¸° µþÀ» Å°¿ï ¿©À¯µµ ´É·Âµµ ¾ø´Ù°í ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇüÁ¦¿Í Á¦¼ö¾¾¿¡°Ô ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ¸Ã±â±â·Î ÇÏ°í, ¾çÀ°ºñ¸¦ º¸³»±â ½ÃÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °¡²û ¹æ¹®µµ ¿À°í¿ä. ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ 5°³¿ùÀÌ µÆÀ» ¶§, º´¿ø¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â ¾Ö±â¾ö¸¶´Â ¾ÆÀÌ ¾çÀ°±ÇÀ» ´Þ¶ó°í ¹ý¿ø¿¡ û¿øÀ» ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸ðµç Á¤È²ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ÀÛÀº¾Æºü¿Í ÀÛÀº¾ö¸¶°¡ Å°¿ì´Â °Ô ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô best interestÀÏ °ÍÀ¸·Î Èê·¯°¡°í, ¹ý¿øÀº sole legal & physical custody¸¦ ÀÛÀº¾Æºü¿Í ÀÛÀº¾ö¸¶¿¡°Ô ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æºü¿¡°Ô´Â supervised visitationÀ» ÁÖ°í¿ä (¾Æºü È¥ÀÚ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ¸ø ´Ù·ç±â ¶§¹®¿¡).

 

4³â ÀÌ»óÀÇ ½Ã°£ÀÌ È帣´Âµ¿¾È, ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾çÀ°ÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦ µÎ°í ÇüÁ¦µé³¢¸® ÀÇ°ßÀÌ ³ª´¹´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¾Æ±â ¾ö¸¶¿Í ¾ÆºüÀÇ ¹æ¹®È½¼öµîÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ °¡Áö°íµµ ¹ý¿øÀ» ÀÚÁÖ Ã£°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯´Ù°¡ °á±¹ ¾Æ±â ¾Æºü°¡ ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ sole legal & physical custody¸¦ º»Àο¡°Ô ´Þ¶ó°í ¹ý¿ø¿¡ û¿øÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±Ù 5³âÀ» Å°¿öÁØ ÀÛÀº¾Æºü¿Í ÀÛÀº¾ö¸¶¿¡°Ô´Â ¹æ¹®±Ç¸¸ ÁÖ¶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô minor's counselÀÌ Á¤ÇØÁö°í (5»ìÂ¥¸® ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ ¹ýÀû ±Ç¸®¸¦ ´ëº¯ÇØÁÙ º¯È£»ç) ¾ÆºüÀÇ º¯È£»ç, ÀÛÀº ¾Æºü¾ö¸¶ÀÇ º¯È£»ç, ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ º¯È£»ç°¡ ÄÉÀ̽º¸¦ presentÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¹ý¿øÀº ÀÛÀº ¾Æºü¿Í ÀÛÀº ¾ö¸¶¿¡°Ô permanent sole legal and physical custody¸¦ ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. 5³â °¡±îÀÌ ¾ÆÀÌ°¡ ÀÛÀº ¾Æºü¿Í ÀÛÀº ¾ö¸¶ ¹Ø¿¡¼­ stable homeÀ» ¸¸µé°í »ì¾Æ¿Ô°í, ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¾Æºü°¡ 5»ì ¾È µÈ ¾ÆÀ̸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾çÀ°ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ Àß ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â Áõ°ÅµéÀ» º¼ ¶§ (¾Æ¸¶ À§ÇèÇÑ µ¥ µ¥¸®°í °¡°í ±×·¨³ª º¾´Ï´Ù) ¾Æºü¿¡°Ô ¾çÀ°±ÇÀ» »¯¾îÁÖ´Â °Ô ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô ÀÌ·ÓÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °áÁ¤À» ³»·ÈÁö¿ä. ¾ÆÀÌÀÇ best interest°¡ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡¸¦ µûÁú ¶§ "by age five, it was time for daughter to be afforded the maximum stability available"À̶õ trial courtÀÇ °áÁ¤ÀÌ ¸Â¾Ò´Ù°í Ç×¼Ò¹ý¿øÀº µ¿ÀÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾ÆÀÌ¿¡°Ô °¡Àå ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°í ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ °ÅÁÖȯ°æÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ best interest¸¦ serveÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÏ´Â °Ì´Ï´Ù.

 

ù´ÜÃß°¡ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¿©±â¼­µµ µé¾î ¸Â´Â °ÍÀÌ, ÀÌÈ¥ÇÒ ¶§ ³» ÄÚ°¡ ¼®ÀÚ¶ó°í ¾Ö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ¸Ã±â°í ³ª¿Ô´Ù°¡, ÀÌ·¡Àú·¡ ¸î ÇØ°¡ Èê·¶´Ù°í Ĩ½Ã´Ù. ³ªµµ ¸Ô°í »ì¸¸ ÇÏ°í ÀÌÁ¦ ¾ö¸¶³ë¸© ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù°í ¾ÆÀ̸¦ µ¹·Á ´Þ¶ó°í Çϴµ¥, Àú ÂÊ¿¡¼­ ¾î¸²¾ø´Ù°í ³ª¿À¸é, ¾ÆÁÖ °ñÄ¡¾ÆÆÄ Áú ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÅÁÒ. ¾ÆÀÌ°ü·Ã ¹®Á¦´Â ²À ½É»ç¼÷°í ÇÏ¼Å¾ß ÇÏ°í º¯È£»ç ¸¸³ª¼­ »ó´ã ¹ÞÀ¸¼Å¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Çѹø Ʋ¾îÁö¸é µ¹·Á³õ±â ³Ê¹«µµ Èûµç ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾çÀ°±Ç ¹®Á¦´Ï±î¿ä.

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